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  2. Curved mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror

    Convex mirror lets motorists see around a corner. Detail of the convex mirror in the Arnolfini Portrait. The passenger-side mirror on a car is typically a convex mirror. In some countries, these are labeled with the safety warning "Objects in mirror are closer than they appear", to warn the driver of the convex mirror's distorting effects on distance perception.

  3. Virtual image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_image

    In other words, a virtual image is found by tracing real rays that emerge from an optical device (lens, mirror, or some combination) backward to perceived or apparent origins of ray divergences. [1] There is a concept virtual object that is similarly defined; an object is virtual when forward extensions of rays converge toward it. [1] This is ...

  4. Apophysis (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophysis_(software)

    Apophysis is an open source fractal flame editor and renderer for Microsoft Windows and Macintosh. [1]Apophysis has many features for creating and editing fractal flames, including an editor that allows one to directly edit the transforms by manipulating triangles, a mutations window, which applies random edits to the triangles, an adjust window, which allows the adjustment of coloring and ...

  5. Real image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_image

    A real image is the collection of focus points actually made by converging/diverging rays, while a virtual image is the collection of focus points made by extensions of diverging or converging rays. In other words, a real image is an image which is located in the plane of convergence for the light rays that originate from a given object.

  6. Geometrical optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrical_optics

    Geometrical optics. Geometrical optics, or ray optics, is a model of optics that describes light propagation in terms of rays. The ray in geometrical optics is an abstraction useful for approximating the paths along which light propagates under certain circumstances. The simplifying assumptions of geometrical optics include that light rays:

  7. Radius of curvature (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature_(optics)

    Radius of curvature (optics) Radius of curvature (ROC) has specific meaning and sign convention in optical design. A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The vertex of the lens surface is located on the local optical axis.

  8. Focal length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal_length

    The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a system converges light, while a negative focal length indicates that the system diverges light. A system with a shorter focal length bends the rays ...

  9. X-ray optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_optics

    X-ray optics. X-ray optics is the branch of optics dealing with X-rays, rather than visible light. It deals with focusing and other ways of manipulating the X-ray beams for research techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray crystallography, X-ray fluorescence, small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray microscopy, X-ray phase-contrast imaging, and X ...