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A work-breakdown structure (WBS) [2] in project management and systems engineering is a deliverable -oriented breakdown of a project into smaller components. A work breakdown structure is a key project management element that organizes the team's work into manageable sections. The Project Management Body of Knowledge defines the work-breakdown ...
Cost of poor quality. Cost of poor quality (COPQ) or poor quality costs (PQC) or cost of nonquality, are costs that would disappear if systems, processes, and products were perfect. COPQ was popularized by IBM quality expert H. James Harrington in his 1987 book Poor-Quality Cost. [1] COPQ is a refinement of the concept of quality costs.
The cost breakdown analysis is a popular cost reduction strategy and a viable opportunity for businesses. [1][2][3] The price of a product or service is defined as cost plus profit, whereas cost can be broken down further into direct cost and indirect cost. [1] As a business has virtually no influence on indirect cost, a cost reduction oriented ...
Quality, cost, delivery (QCD), sometimes expanded to quality, cost, delivery, morale, safety (QCDMS), [1] is a management approach originally developed by the British automotive industry. [2] QCD assess different components of the production process and provides feedback in the form of facts and figures that help managers make logical decisions ...
In economics, a transaction cost is a cost incurred when making an economic trade when participating in a market. [ 1 ] The idea that transactions form the basis of economic thinking was introduced by the institutional economist John R. Commons in 1931.
The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants defines a cost driver as: [A] cost driver is any factor which causes a change in the cost of an activity. [citation needed] However, a different meaning is assigned to the term by the business writer Michael Porter: "cost drivers are the structural determinants of the cost of an activity ...
Cost engineering is "the engineering practice devoted to the management of project cost, involving such activities as estimating, cost control, cost forecasting, investment appraisal and risk analysis". [1] ". Cost Engineers budget, plan and monitor investment projects. They seek the optimum balance between cost, quality and time requirements."
A proposal puts the buyer's requirements in a context that favors the seller's products and services, and educates the buyer about the seller's capability to satisfy their needs. [2] There are three distinct categories of business proposals: formally solicited, informally solicited, unsolicited.