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Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes the ability of equipment to function without failure. Reliability is defined as the probability that a product, system, or service will perform its intended function adequately for a specified period of time, OR will operate in a defined environment without failure. [1]
Common failures in control of work systems are a failure to follow the permit-to-work or isolation management procedures, risk assessments that are not suitable and sufficient to identify the risks, and/or the control measures and a combination of the two. [4] PTW is a means of coordinating different work activities to avoid conflicts.
Fail-operational — typically required to operate not only in nominal conditions (expected), but also in degraded situations when some parts are not working properly. For example, airplanes are fail-operational because they must be able to fly even if some components fail. Fail-safe — must safely shut down in case of single or multiple failures.
Passive redundancy uses excess capacity to reduce the impact of component failures. One common form of passive redundancy is the extra strength of cabling and struts used in bridges. This extra strength allows some structural components to fail without bridge collapse. The extra strength used in the design is called the margin of safety.
Collapsed barn at Hörsne, Gotland, Sweden Building collapse due to snow weight. Structural integrity and failure is an aspect of engineering that deals with the ability of a structure to support a designed structural load (weight, force, etc.) without breaking and includes the study of past structural failures in order to prevent failures in future designs.
CBP officers brace for shutdown, work without pay. Customs officers are the "last line of defense" in intercepting illegal drugs like fentanyl, weapons and ammunition, ...
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For example, in an automobile, the failure of the FM radio does not prevent the primary operation of the vehicle. It is recommended to use Mean time to failure (MTTF) instead of MTBF in cases where a system is replaced after a failure ("non-repairable system"), since MTBF denotes time between failures in a system which can be repaired. [1]