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  2. Argument from ignorance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_ignorance

    If no proof is offered (in either direction), then the proposition can be called unproven, undecided, inconclusive, an open problem or a conjecture. In debates, appealing to ignorance is sometimes an attempt to shift the burden of proof. The term was likely coined by philosopher John Locke in the late 17th century. [3] [4]

  3. Proving a negative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proving_a_negative

    Proving a negative or negative proof may refer to: Proving a negative, in the philosophic burden of proof; Evidence of absence in general, such as evidence that there is no milk in a certain bowl; Modus tollens, a logical proof; Proof of impossibility, mathematics; Russell's teapot, an analogy: inability to disprove does not prove

  4. Evidence of absence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_of_absence

    A negative claim may or may not exist as a counterpoint to a previous claim. A proof of impossibility or an evidence of absence argument are typical methods to fulfill the burden of proof for a negative claim. [13] [16] Philosopher Steven Hales argues that typically one can logically be as confident with the negation of an affirmation.

  5. Exception that proves the rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exception_that_proves_the_rule

    The alternative origin given is that the word "prove" is used in the archaic sense of "test", [3] a reading advocated, for example, by a 1918 Detroit News style guide: The exception proves the rule is a phrase that arises from ignorance, though common to good writers. The original word was preuves, which did not mean proves but tests. [4]

  6. Ipse dixit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipse_dixit

    Ipse dixit (Latin for "he said it himself") is an assertion without proof, or a dogmatic expression of opinion. [1] [2] The fallacy of defending a proposition by baldly asserting that it is "just how it is" distorts the argument by opting out of it entirely: the claimant declares an issue to be intrinsic and immutable. [3]

  7. False accusation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_accusation

    A false accusation is a claim or allegation of wrongdoing that is untrue and/or otherwise unsupported by facts. [1] False accusations are also known as groundless accusations or unfounded accusations or false allegations or false claims or unsubstantiated allegations.

  8. NYT ‘Connections’ Hints and Answers Today, Tuesday, December 10

    www.aol.com/nyt-connections-hints-answers-today...

    Related: The 26 Funniest NYT Connections Game Memes You'll Appreciate if You Do This Daily Word Puzzle. Hints About Today's NYT Connections Categories on Tuesday, December 10. 1. To identify or ...

  9. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    Prevalent proof fallacy – Using consensus or majority vote as evidence of truthfulness, often without regard for expert opinion. Proof by assertion – a proposition is repeatedly restated regardless of contradiction; sometimes confused with argument from repetition (argumentum ad infinitum, argumentum ad nauseam).