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The harmonic trumpet, a silver trumpet in E♭ with crooks for D, C, and B♭ and four keys, was made by London instrument maker William Shaw for King George III in 1787. [6] Eric Halfpenny found that each key corresponds to one of the four crooks and raises the pitch by a fifth, providing a fuller range of notes by allowing the player to ...
"Cor solo" (natural horn) – Raoux, Paris, 1797 – Paris, Musée de la Musique (with a double-loop crook located within the body of the horn).. A crook, also sometimes called a shank, is an exchangeable segment of tubing in a natural horn (or other brass instrument, such as a natural trumpet) which is used to change the length of the pipe, altering the fundamental pitch and harmonic series ...
This, combined with the use of crooks changing the key of the instrument, allowed composers to write fully chromatic music for the horn and almost fully chromatic music for the trumpet before the invention of piston and valve horns and trumpets in the early 19th Century. A stopped note is called gestopft in German and bouché in French. [1]
Nevertheless, most modern horns are still fitted with the traditional design of water key. [citation needed] The Saturn key, invented by Denis Wedgwood and sold by Wedgewood Brass, [3] aimed to improve on the Amado key by offering an easier evacuation when open. The valve takes the shape of a ball with a ring around the waist, like the planet ...
This family includes all of the modern brass instruments except the trombone: the trumpet, horn (also called French horn), euphonium, and tuba, as well as the cornet, flugelhorn, tenor horn (alto horn), baritone horn, sousaphone, and the mellophone. As valved instruments are predominant among the brasses today, a more thorough discussion of ...
The French horn (since the 1930s known simply as the horn in professional music circles) is a brass instrument made of tubing wrapped into a coil with a flared bell. The double horn in F/B ♭ (technically a variety of German horn) is the horn most often used by players in professional orchestras and bands, although the descant and triple horn have become increasingly popular.
The sound of the flugelhorn has been described as halfway between a trumpet and a French horn, whereas the cornet's sound is halfway between a trumpet and a flugelhorn. [6] The flugelhorn is as agile as the cornet but more difficult to control in the high register (from approximately written G 5 ), where in general it locks onto notes less easily.
trumpet, cornet, flugelhorn, soprano trombone: F 3: 6 ft (1.8 m) F mellophone: E ♭ 3: 6.75 ft (2.06 m) alto horn, alto trombone, alto trumpet B ♭ 2: 9 ft (2.7 m) tenor and bass trombone, baritone horn, euphonium, B ♭ horn, bass trumpet, natural trumpet, B ♭ mellophone: F 2: 12 ft (3.7 m) French horn, contrabass trombone, cimbasso: E ...