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Orb-weaver spiders are members of the spider family Araneidae. They are the most common group of builders of spiral wheel-shaped webs often found in gardens, fields, and forests. The English word "orb" can mean "circular", [ 1 ] hence the English name of the group.
Trichonephila clavipes (formerly known as Nephila clavipes), commonly known as the golden silk orb-weaver, golden silk spider, golden orb weaver spider or colloquially banana spider (a name shared with several others), is an orb-weaving spider species which inhabits forests and wooded areas ranging from the southern US to Argentina. [3]
The spider species Araneus diadematus is commonly called the European garden spider, cross orbweaver, diadem spider, orangie, cross spider, and crowned orb weaver.It is sometimes called the pumpkin spider, [2] although this name is also used for a different species, Araneus marmoreus. [3]
Nephila spiders produce large asymmetric orb webs up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter. [citation needed] Nephila species remain in their webs permanently, so have a higher predation risk. The golden silk orb-weaver is named for the yellow color of the spider silk used to construct these webs. Yellow threads of their web shine like gold in sunlight.
Gasteracantha is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first named by Carl Jakob Sundevall in 1833. [2] Species of the genus are known as spiny-backed orb-weavers, spiny orb-weavers, or spiny spiders. The females of most species are brightly colored with six prominent spines on their broad, hardened, shell-like abdomens.
Marbled orb-weaver (Araneus marmoreus) Araneus was, for much of its history, called Epeira. The latter name is now considered a junior synonym of Araneus, as the latter was published almost 50 years earlier. Epeira was first coined by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805, [2] for a range of spiders now considered Araneidae (orb-weavers).
Socca pustulosa, known as the knobbled orbweaver, [1] [2] [3] is an orb-weaver spider species in the family Araneidae (Clerck, 1757), and it was first described by a French scientist Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1841 from Tasmania, Australia, but later on when Walckenaer examined the specimen collected from New Zealand and renamed it as a different species- Epeira verrucosa.
Trichonephila is a genus of golden orb-weaver spiders that was first described by Friedrich Dahl in 1911, as a subgenus of Nephila. [2] Trichonephila was elevated to a genus by Kuntner et al. in 2019. [3]