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Methotrexate inhibits cell division and is particularly toxic to fast dividing cells, such as rapidly dividing cancer cells and the progenitor cells of the immune system. Folate supplementation is beneficial in patients being treated with long-term, low-dose methotrexate for inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ...
Methotrexate, formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant. [4] It is used to treat cancer , autoimmune diseases , and ectopic pregnancies . [ 4 ] Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer , leukemia , lung cancer , lymphoma , gestational trophoblastic disease , and osteosarcoma . [ 4 ]
Combinations of DMARDs are often used, because each drug in the combination can be used in a smaller dose than if it were given alone, thus reducing the risk of side effects. [citation needed] Many patients receive an NSAID and at least one DMARD, sometimes with low-dose oral glucocorticoids. If disease remission is observed, regular NSAIDs or ...
Thrombocytopenia in hospitalized alcoholics may be caused by spleen enlargement, folate deficiency, and most frequently, the direct toxic effect of alcohol on production, survival time, and function of platelets. [23] Platelet count begins to rise after 2 to 5 days' abstinence from alcohol.
Maintenance chemotherapy is a repeated low-dose treatment to prolong remission. [5] [6]: 55–59 Salvage chemotherapy or palliative chemotherapy is given without curative intent, but simply to decrease tumor load and increase life expectancy. For these regimens, in general, a better toxicity profile is expected. [6]: 55–59
The model is most accurate when used to estimate BAC a few hours after drinking a single dose of alcohol in a fasted state, and can be within 20% CV of the true value. [ 121 ] [ 122 ] It is less accurate for BAC levels below 0.2 g/L (alcohol is not eliminated as quickly as predicted) and consumption with food (overestimating the peak BAC and ...
The effects of the toxicants depends on the dose, threshold and duration. The effects of toxicity are: [citation needed] Minor structural deformities - e.g. Anticonvulsant drugs, Warfarin, Retinoic Acid derivatives; Major structural deformities - e.g. DES (diethylstilbestrol), cigarette smoking; Growth Retardation - e.g. Alcohol ...
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. [1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses. [ 2 ]