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MHC Class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells. These cells are important in initiating immune responses.
Class II MHC molecules are also heterodimers, genes for both α and β subunits are polymorphic and located within MHC class II subregion. The peptide-binding groove of MHC-II molecules is formed by the N-terminal domains of both subunits of the heterodimer, α1 and β1, unlike MHC-I molecules, where two domains of the same chain are involved.
For class II (DR, DP and DQ), amino acid variants within the receptor's peptide-binding cleft tend to produce molecules with different binding capability. However, the gene frequencies of the most common alleles (>5%) of HLA-A, -B, -C and HLA-DPA1, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 from South America have been reported from the typing and ...
Antigen presentation stimulates immature T cells to become either mature "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or mature "helper" CD4+ cells. An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays an antigen bound by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins on its surface; this process is known as antigen presentation.
The genetic cause of Bare lymphocyte syndrome type II is due to mutations in any of the following genes: [5]. CIITA is responsible for giving instructions to create a protein that controls transcription of genes (MHC class II), and is located at 16p13.13 (cytogenetic location), [6]
The LA wildfires across the state of California this week have taken the lives of 5 individuals and thousands displaced from their homes. These before and after pictures show the wildlife's ...
The French Quarter is blocked by authorities after a terrorist attack in New Orleans, Louisiana, on January 1, 2025. (Emily Kask/AFP/Getty Images)
Class I – Items of subsistence, e.g., food and forage, which are consumed by personnel or animals at an approximately uniform rate, irrespective of local changes in combat or terrain conditions. Class II – Supplies for which allowances are established by tables of organization and equipment, e.g., clothing, weapons, tools, spare parts ...