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MHC Class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells. These cells are important in initiating immune responses.
These come in two forms; MHC class I forms a dimer with a molecule called beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) and interacts with the TCR on cytotoxic T cells and MHC class II has two chains (alpha and beta) that interact with the TCR on helper T cells. MHC class I, MHC class II and β2M molecules all possess Ig domains and are therefore also members of ...
Class I – Items of subsistence, e.g., food and forage, which are consumed by personnel or animals at an approximately uniform rate, irrespective of local changes in combat or terrain conditions. Class II – Supplies for which allowances are established by tables of organization and equipment, e.g., clothing, weapons, tools, spare parts ...
Class II MHC molecules are also heterodimers, genes for both α and β subunits are polymorphic and located within MHC class II subregion. The peptide-binding groove of MHC-II molecules is formed by the N-terminal domains of both subunits of the heterodimer, α1 and β1, unlike MHC-I molecules, where two domains of the same chain are involved.
The structure and sequence of HLA-DM proteins is very similar to other MHC class II molecules, [11] all of which consist of a heterodimer composed of an alpha and beta chain. However, HLA-DM differs in that it is nonclassical (meaning it lacks a transport signal N-terminus), and does not have the capability to bind peptides.
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] A molecule may be homonuclear , that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, as with two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O 2 ); or it may be heteronuclear , a chemical compound composed of more than one element, as with ...
The study of molecules by molecular physics and theoretical chemistry is largely based on quantum mechanics and is essential for the understanding of the chemical bond. The simplest of molecules is the hydrogen molecule-ion, H 2 +, and the simplest of all the chemical bonds is the one-electron bond.
The SAgs binds adjacent to the antigen presentation cleft (purple) in the MHC-II. Schematic representation of MHC class II. The T-cell receptor complex with TCR-α and TCR-β chains, CD3 and ζ-chain accessory molecules. Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of antigens that result in excessive activation of the immune system.