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Most people who develop wound botulism inject drugs several times a day, so determining a timeline of when onset symptoms first occurred and when the toxin entered the body can be difficult. It is more common in people who inject black tar heroin. [71] Wound botulism signs and symptoms include: [70] [72] Difficulty swallowing or speaking
The toxin is the protein botulinum toxin produced under anaerobic conditions (where there is no oxygen) [37] by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. [38] Clostridium botulinum is a large anaerobic Gram-positive bacillus that forms subterminal endospores. [39] There are eight serological varieties of the bacterium denoted by the letters A to H.
The incubation period of tetanus may be up to several months but is usually about ten days. [12] [13] In general, the farther the injury site is from the central nervous system, the longer the incubation period. However, shorter incubation periods will have more severe symptoms. [14]
Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) that are in the outer plasma membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The botulinum toxin, which is primarily produced by Clostridium botulinum and less frequently by other Clostridium species, is the most toxic substance known in the world. [1]
Botulinum toxin, or botulinum neurotoxin (commonly called botox), is a neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and related species. [24] It prevents the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon endings at the neuromuscular junction , thus causing flaccid paralysis . [ 25 ]
The terms "intrinsic incubation period" and "extrinsic incubation period" are used in vector-borne diseases. The intrinsic incubation period is the time taken by an organism to complete its development in the definitive host. The extrinsic incubation period is the time taken by an organism to develop in the intermediate host. [citation needed]
It occurs mainly in cooked and processed foods due to competition with other biota in raw foods, and humans are the main cause of contamination as a substantial percentage of humans are persistent carriers of S. aureus. [16] The CDC has estimated about 240,000 cases per year in the United States. [17] Clostridium botulinum; Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium botulinum; Note: Botulism is not an infection by Clostridium botulinum but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin. Botulism (and Infant botulism) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), electrochemiluminescent (ECL) tests Botulism antitoxin and supportive care No Sabiá virus: Brazilian hemorrhagic fever: No Brucella species ...