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Tobacco smoking during pregnancy causes many detrimental effects on health and reproduction, in addition to the general health effects of tobacco.A number of studies have shown that tobacco use is a significant factor in miscarriages among pregnant smokers, and that it contributes to a number of other threats to the health of the foetus.
Nicotine use for tobacco cessation has few contraindications. [71] It is not known whether nicotine replacement therapy is effective for smoking cessation in adolescents, as of 2014. [72] It is therefore not recommended to adolescents. [73] It is not safe to use nicotine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, although it is safer than smoking.
Nicotine has been found in placental tissue as early as seven weeks of embryonic gestation, and nicotine concentrations are higher in fetal fluids than in maternal fluids. [15] Nicotine can lead to vasoconstriction of uteroplacental vessels, reducing the delivery of both nutrients and oxygen to the fetus.
The onset of these symptoms is very fast, nicotine's half-life being only two hours. [154] The psychological dependence may linger for months or even many years. Unlike some recreational drugs, nicotine does not measurably alter a smoker's motor skills, judgement, or language abilities while under the influence of the drug. Nicotine withdrawal ...
“Nicotine is sneaky and it can feel like having one cigarette won’t hurt, but as the saying goes, ‘One is too many and a thousand isn’t enough.’ It can often reactivate the reward ...
During a prodrome period, the Mayo Clinic and American Migraine Foundation say you might experience: Gastrointestinal changes, such as diarrhea or constipation Food cravings, especially for sweet ...
Nicotine withdrawal is a group of symptoms that occur in the first few weeks after stopping or decreasing use of nicotine.Symptoms include intense cravings for nicotine, anger or irritability, anxiety, depression, impatience, trouble sleeping, restlessness, hunger, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating.
The Mayo Clinic Diet emphasizes making food choices to align with the Mayo Clinic healthy weight pyramid, with vegetables and fruit dominating the diet, followed by whole-grain carbohydrates ...