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It amended Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to "prohibit sex discrimination on the basis of pregnancy". [207] It covers discrimination "on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions", but only applies to employers with 15 or more employees.
The original Equality Act was developed by U.S. Representatives Bella Abzug (D-NY) and Ed Koch (D-NY) in 1974. The Equality Act of 1974 (H.R. 14752 of the 93rd Congress) sought to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to include prohibition of discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and marital status in federally assisted programs, housing sales, rentals, financing, and brokerage ...
The decision did not prevent plaintiffs from suing under other laws, like the Equal Pay Act, which has a three-year deadline for most sex discrimination claims, [152] or 42 U.S.C. 1981, which has a four-year deadline for suing over race discrimination. [153]
Gender inequality is a result of the persistent discrimination of one group of people based upon gender and it manifests itself differently according to race, culture, politics, country, and economic situation. While gender discrimination happens to both men and women in individual situations, discrimination against women is more common.
With regards to the gender pay gap in the United States, International Labour Organization notes as of 2010 women in the United States earned about 81% of what their male counterparts did. [62] While the gender pay gap has been narrowing since the passage of the Equal Pay Act, the convergence began to slow down in the 1990s. [63]
The commission did, though, help win passage of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, which banned sex discrimination in wages in a number of professions (it would later be amended in the early 1970s to include the professions that it initially excluded) and secured an executive order from Kennedy eliminating sex discrimination in the civil service. The ...
The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women considers the criminalization of abortion a "violations of women's sexual and reproductive health and rights" and a form of "gender based violence"; paragraph 18 of its General recommendation No. 35 on gender based violence against women, updating general recommendation No. 19 ...
In 1974 the Equal Credit Opportunity Act criminalized sex discrimination by creditors against credit applicants. [50] [51] Also in 1974 sex was added as a protected class under the Fair Housing Act, thus illegalizing sex discrimination in housing. [52] Also in 1974 the Women's Educational Equity Act was enacted.