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For example, the relative minor of C major is A minor, and in the key of A minor, the i, iv and v chords are A minor, D minor and E minor. In practice, in a minor key, the third of the dominant chord is often raised by one semitone to form a major chord (or a dominant seventh chord if the seventh is added).
I–V–vi–IV chord progression in C: 4: Major ... Minor Irregular resolution (Type I: Two common tones, two note moves by half step motion)
A minor seventh would be added to the dominant "V" chord to increase tension before resolution (V 7 –i). [2] The roots of the chords belong to a modern phrygian tetrachord (the equivalent of a Greek Dorian tetrachord, [10] the latter mentioned above), that is to be found as the upper tetrachord of a natural minor scale (for A minor, they are: A G F E).
Although E-sharp minor is usually notated as F minor, it could be used on a local level, such as bars 17 to 22 in Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue No. 3 in C-sharp major. (E-sharp minor is the mediant minor key of C-sharp major.) The scale-degree chords of E-sharp minor are: Tonic – E-sharp minor
The seventh scale degree is very often raised a half step to form a leading tone, making the dominant chord (V) a major chord (i.e. V major instead of v minor) and the subtonic chord (vii), a diminished chord (vii o, instead of ♭ VII). This version of minor scale is called the harmonic minor scale.
In contrast, in the chord-scale system, a different scale is used for each chord in the progression (for example mixolydian scales on A, E, and D for chords A 7, E 7, and D 7, respectively). [5] Improvisation approaches may be mixed, such as using "the blues approach" for a section of a progression and using the chord-scale system for the rest. [6]
The scale is called the harmonic minor scale because it is a common foundation for harmonies (chords) in minor keys. Traditionally, "the main use for harmonic minor, when improvising or creating melodies, is over the V7 chord, not for use over the i chord ."
The tritone substitution, an harmonic device common in jazz chord progressions where a dominant V chord is substituted with a bII7 chord (or a secondary dominant II7 chord with a bVI7 chord, etc.), whose common justification is the enharmonicity of the tritones of both chords (G7 has a B-F tritone whereas D♭7 has an enharmonic Cb-F tritone ...