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The Rüchardt experiment, [1] [2] [3] invented by Eduard Rüchardt, is a famous experiment in thermodynamics, which determines the ratio of the molar heat capacities of a gas, i.e. the ratio of (heat capacity at constant pressure) and (heat capacity at constant volume) and is denoted by (gamma, for ideal gas) or (kappa, isentropic exponent, for real gas).
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant for a particular temperature and amount of gas. Boyle's law states that when the temperature of a given mass of confined gas is constant, the product of its pressure and volume is also constant. When comparing the same substance under two different sets of ...
where V 100 is the volume occupied by a given sample of gas at 100 °C; V 0 is the volume occupied by the same sample of gas at 0 °C; and k is a constant which is the same for all gases at constant pressure. This equation does not contain the temperature and so is not what became known as Charles's Law.
Mariotte's bottle is a device that delivers a constant rate of flow from closed bottles or tanks. It is named after French physicist Edme Mariotte (1620-1684). A picture of a bottle with a gas inlet is shown in the works of Mariotte, [ 1 ] but this construction was made to show the effect of outside pressure on mercury level inside the bottle.
is constant is constant. where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume, and T is the thermodynamic temperature. In gas dynamics we are interested in the local relations between pressure, density and temperature, rather than considering a fixed quantity of gas.
In an isobaric process, the pressure remains constant, so the heat interaction is the change in enthalpy. [2] In an isenthalpic process, the enthalpy is constant. [2] A horizontal line in the diagram represents an isenthalpic process. A vertical line in the h–s chart represents an isentropic process.
Constant-pressure simulations are useful for determining the equation of state of a pure system. Monte Carlo simulations using the N p T {\displaystyle NpT} -ensemble are particularly useful for determining the equation of state of fluids at pressures of around 1 atm, where they can achieve accurate results with much less computational time ...
Lee [4] developed a modified form of the Antoine equation that allows for calculating vapor pressure across the entire temperature range using the acentric factor (𝜔) of a substance. The fundamental structure of the equation is based on the van der Waals equation and builds upon the findings of Wall [ 5 ] and Gutmann et al. [ 6 ] , who ...