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  2. Retinoscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoscopy

    While moving the streak or spot of light through the pupil across the retina, the examiner observes the relative movement of the reflex or manually places lenses over the eye (using a phoropter or trial frame and trial lenses) to "neutralize" the reflex. [2] Static retinoscopy is a type of retinoscopy used in determining a patient's refractive ...

  3. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

    Pupils equal, round, reactive to light and accommodation PH Pinhole see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHNI Pinhole No Improvement see Pinhole occluder and Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: PHVA Pinhole Visual Acuity: PL Perception of light POH / PrOH Previous ocular history PPA Peri-papillary atrophy Pt Patient RAPD

  4. Ophthalmoscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ophthalmoscopy

    The pupil is a hole through which the eye's interior can be viewed. For better viewing, the pupil can be opened wider (dilated; mydriasis) before ophthalmoscopy using medicated eye drops (dilated fundus examination). However, undilated examination is more convenient (albeit not as comprehensive), and is the most common type in primary care.

  5. Eye examination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_examination

    To perform a retinoscopy, the doctor projects a streak of light into a pupil. A series of lenses are flashed in front of the eye. By looking through the retinoscope, the doctor can study the light reflex of the pupil. Based on the movement and orientation of this retinal reflection, the refractive state of the eye is measured.

  6. Red reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_reflex

    There are two techniques used to assess the red reflex listed below. Both are noninvasive, inexpensive, and quick. Dilation of the eyes is unnecessary and not recommended due to the theoretical but rarely seen risks of sympathomimetics and antimuscarinic systemic effects – tachycardia (fast heart rate), hypertension (high blood pressure), and arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm).

  7. Pupils may reveal memories you are reliving during sleep ...

    www.aol.com/pupils-may-reveal-memories-reliving...

    A contracted pupil during sleep may be an indication the brain is replaying new memories while a dilated one may hint at older memories being relived, a new study suggests. The study, published in ...

  8. Pupillary light reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex

    By analogy with a camera, the pupil is equivalent to aperture, whereas the iris is equivalent to the diaphragm. It may be helpful to consider the Pupillary reflex as an 'Iris' reflex, as the iris sphincter and dilator muscles are what can be seen responding to ambient light. [2] Whereas, the pupil is the passive opening formed by the active iris.

  9. Eyeglass prescription - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeglass_prescription

    PL is an abbreviation for plano or plain, meaning no prescription; PD or IPD Pupillary Distance or Interpupillary Distance, respectively. It is the distance between pupil centers. BVD Back vertex distance is the distance between the back of the spectacle lens and the front of the cornea (the front surface of the eye). This is significant in ...