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Creating a subnet by dividing the host identifier. A subnetwork, or subnet, is a logical subdivision of an IP network. [1]: 1, 16 The practice of dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting. Computers that belong to the same subnet are addressed with an identical group of its most-significant bits of their IP addresses.
The number of addresses usable for addressing specific hosts in each network is always 2 N - 2, where N is the number of rest field bits, and the subtraction of 2 adjusts for the use of the all-bits-zero host value to represent the network address and the all-bits-one host value for use as a broadcast address. Thus, for a Class C address with 8 ...
A wildcard mask can be thought of as an inverted subnet mask. For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 2) inverts to a wildcard mask of 0.0.0.255 (00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111 2). A wild card mask is a matching rule. [2] The rule for a wildcard mask is: 0 means that the equivalent bit must match
In common usage, the first address in a subnet, all binary zero in the host identifier, is reserved for referring to the network itself, while the last address, all binary one in the host identifier, is used as a broadcast address for the network; this reduces the number of addresses available for hosts by 2.
RFC 1918 name IP address range Number of addresses Largest CIDR block (subnet mask) Host ID size Mask bits Classful description [Note 1]; 24-bit block: 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255: 16 777 216
Depending on the class derived, the network identification was based on octet boundary segments of the entire address. Each class used successively additional octets in the network identifier, thus reducing the possible number of hosts in the higher order classes (B and C). The following table gives an overview of this now-obsolete system.
The first address in a subnet is used to identify the subnet itself. In this address all host bits are 0. To avoid ambiguity in representation, this address is reserved. [18] The last address has all host bits set to 1. It is used as a local broadcast address for sending messages to all devices on the subnet simultaneously.
It is a set of one or more infrastructure basic service sets on a common logical network segment (i.e. same IP subnet and VLAN). [18] Key to the concept is that the participating basic service sets appear as a single network to the logical link control layer by using the same SSID.