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As of December 2023, total federal debt was $33.1 trillion; $26.5 trillion held by the public and $12.1 trillion in intragovernmental debt. [10] The annualized cost of servicing this debt was $726 billion in July 2023, which accounted for 14% of the total federal spending. [11]
This is a list of countries by external debt: it is the total public and private debt owed to nonresidents repayable in internationally accepted currencies, goods or services, where the public debt is the money or credit owed by any level of government, from central to local, and the private debt the money or credit owed by private households or private corporations based on the country under ...
A country's gross government debt (also called public debt or sovereign debt [1]) is the financial liabilities of the government sector. [2]: 81 Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits. [3] A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues.
[1]: 81 A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations. [1]: 207 Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.
In order to provide an incentive for individuals, businesses and other entities to lend money, the government must also pay these parties interest on the debt. [18] The interest expense for fiscal year 2019 is $363 billion, or 7.9% of the total budget.
2023 Interest on federal debt. Interest expense on the public debt was approximately $678 billion in FY2023. During FY2023, the government also accrued a non-cash interest expense of $197 billion for intra-governmental debt, primarily the Social Security Trust Fund, for a total interest expense of $875 billion.
The U.S. public debt was $909 billion in 1980, an amount equal to 33% of America's gross domestic product (GDP); by 1990, that number had more than tripled to $3.2 trillion – 56% of GDP. [370] In 2001 the national debt was $5.7 trillion; however, the debt-to-GDP ratio remained at 1990 levels. [ 371 ]
Public debt surged during the 1980s, as Ronald Reagan cut tax rates and increased military spending, while it decreased in the 1990s due to reduced military spending, increased taxes, and the economic boom. Public debt sharply rose following the 2007–08 financial crisis, driven by significant tax revenue declines and spending increases.