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Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE), theorized in the 1970s, occurs when a pregnant woman uses cocaine including crack cocaine and thereby exposes her fetus to the drug.Babies whose mothers used cocaine while pregnant supposedly have increased risk of several different health issues during growth and development and are colloquially known as crack babies.
Exposing prenatal offspring to cocaine can cause irreversible damage and increase developmental risks. [32] A review of 42 follow up studies of prenatal drug exposed children suggests that cocaine affects the areas concerned with behavior problems, attention, language and cognition for children tested between 4 and 13 years of age.
Cocaine exposure effects visual and motor skills, attention, and memory. Marijuana has been shown to have adverse effects on deep problem solving skills and visual memory. Nicotine exposure has shown poor reading abilities, alcohol showed a decreased use of language, and language delays for cocaine.
Hurt is known for a study she began in 1988, while at Einstein Medical Center, looking at the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on adult development outcomes. The study, one of the longest and most long-term of its kind, included 224 babies born between 1989 and 1992 at Einstein, half of whom were born to cocaine-using mothers and half who were not. [2]
In human pregnancy, prenatal development is also called antenatal development. The development of the human embryo follows fertilization , and continues as fetal development . By the end of the tenth week of gestational age , the embryo has acquired its basic form and is referred to as a fetus .
Crack baby is a term for a child born to a mother who used crack cocaine during her pregnancy. The threat that cocaine use during pregnancy poses to the fetus is now considered exaggerated. [99] Studies show that prenatal cocaine exposure (independent of other effects such as, for example, alcohol, tobacco, or physical environment) has no ...
Crack baby is a term for a child born to a mother who used crack cocaine during her pregnancy. The threat that cocaine use during pregnancy poses to the fetus is now considered exaggerated. [27] Studies show that prenatal cocaine exposure (independent of other effects such as, for example, alcohol, tobacco, or physical environment) has no ...
Cocaine use leads to increased risk for perinatal outcomes: preterm delivery, low birth weight (less than 2500 grams) or reduced birth rate, small size and earlier gestational age at delivery. [87] Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with premature birth, birth defects, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other ...