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In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
A turnstile antenna, or crossed-dipole antenna, [1] is a radio antenna consisting of a set of two identical dipole antennas mounted at right angles to each other and fed in phase quadrature; the two currents applied to the dipoles are 90° out of phase. [2] [3] The name reflects the notion the antenna looks like a turnstile when mounted ...
An antenna's polarization can sometimes be inferred directly from its geometry. When the antenna's conductors viewed from a reference location appear along one line, then the antenna's polarization will be linear in that very direction. In the more general case, the antenna's polarization must be determined through analysis.
This antenna is unusual in that it radiates in all directions (no nulls in the radiation or reception pattern), with horizontal polarization in directions coplanar with the elements, circular polarization normal to that plane, and elliptical polarization in other directions. Used for receiving signals from satellites, as circular polarization ...
Unlike a dipole antenna, the polarization of a resonant loop antenna is not obvious from the orientation of the loop itself, but depends on the placement of its feedpoint. [e] If a vertically oriented loop is fed at the bottom, then its radiation will be horizontally polarized; feeding it from the side will make it vertically polarized.
For satellite communications, orthogonal circular polarization is often used instead, (i.e. right- and left-handed), as the sense of circular polarization is not changed by the relative orientation of the antenna in space. A dual polarization system comprises usually two independent transmitters, each of which can be connected by means of ...
Rigorous testing of the loop Yagi–Uda (quad) antenna show the following advantages over a dipole-based Yagi–Uda antenna made from dipoles: [10] Polarization It is easy to change polarization from vertical to horizontal, by changing the feed point. Multiband antenna It is easier to design a multiband quad antenna than a multiband Yagi antenna.
This antenna has fixed cell delays, configured by different cutout sizes in each cell, as can be seen in the top-right inset. Larger cutouts produce the dark rings visible in the overview. A reflectarray antenna (or just reflectarray) consists of an array of unit cells, illuminated by a feeding antenna (source of electromagnetic waves).