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The Columbian exchange of crop plants, livestock, and diseases in both directions between the Old World and the New World In 1972, Alfred W. Crosby , an American historian at the University of Texas at Austin , published the book The Columbian Exchange , [ 2 ] thus coining the term. [ 1 ]
The Columbian Exchange introduced Old World plants, animals, and diseases to the New World. Clockwise, from top left: Citrus , Apple , Banana , Mango , Onion , Coffee , Wheat , and Rice . Portuguese diplomat Pêro da Covilhã (1460 – after 1526) undertook a mission to explore the trade routes of the Near East and the adjoining regions of Asia ...
These were astronomical charts plotting the location of the stars over a distinct period of time. Published in 1496 by the Jewish astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician Abraham Zacuto, the Almanac Perpetuum included some of these tables for the movements of stars. [95] These tables revolutionized navigation, allowing the calculation of latitude.
From 960 to 1276, the Song dynasty in China's history, the importance of silver kept increasing as a currency in a long period of time. In 1375, the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the Hongwu Emperor of Ming established Hongwu Tongbao and Da Ming Baochao as the currency of China. At the same time, he banned gold and silver as currency, which led ...
The arrival and settlement of Europeans in the Americas resulted in what is known as the Columbian exchange. During this period European settlers brought many different technologies, animals, plants, and lifestyles with them, some of which benefited the indigenous peoples [citation needed]. Europeans also took plants and goods back to the Old ...
The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492 is a 1972 book by Alfred W. Crosby on the Columbian exchange, coining that term and helping to found the field of environmental history.
The first European contact in 1492 started an influx of communicable diseases into the Caribbean. [1] Diseases originating in the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) came to the New World (the Americas) for the first time, resulting in demographic and sociopolitical changes due to the Columbian Exchange from the late 15th century onwards. [1]
In his best-known book, The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages (1971, with numerous reprints), Lopez argued that the key contribution of the medieval period to European history was the creation of a commercial economy between the 11th and the 14th century, centered at first in the Italo-Byzantine eastern Mediterranean, but eventually ...