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The Eastern Arabic numerals, also called Indo-Arabic numerals or Arabic-Indic numerals as known by Unicode, are the symbols used to represent numerical digits in conjunction with the Arabic alphabet in the countries of the Mashriq (the east of the Arab world), the Arabian Peninsula, and its variant in other countries that use the Persian numerals on the Iranian plateau and in Asia.
The 2, 8, and 9 resemble Arabic numerals more than Eastern Arabic numerals or Indian numerals. Leonardo Fibonacci was a Pisan mathematician who had studied in the Pisan trading colony of Bugia, in what is now Algeria, [15] and he endeavored to promote the numeral system in Europe with his 1202 book Liber Abaci:
The symbols "٫" and "٬" may be used as the decimal mark and the thousands separator respectively when writing with Eastern Arabic numerals, e.g. ٣٫١٤١٥٩٢٦٥٣٥٨ 3.14159265358, ١٬٠٠٠٬٠٠٠٬٠٠٠ 1,000,000,000. Negative signs are written to the left of magnitudes, e.g. ٣− −3.
The "Arabic–Indic" or "Eastern Arabic numerals" used with Arabic script, developed primarily in what is now Iraq. [citation needed] A variant of the Eastern Arabic numerals is used in Persian and Urdu. The Indian numerals in use with scripts of the Brahmic family in India and Southeast Asia. Each of the roughly dozen major scripts of India ...
Only the Arabic question mark ؟ and the Arabic comma ، are used in regular Arabic script typing and the comma is often substituted for the Latin script comma , which is also used as the decimal separator when the Eastern Arabic numerals are used (e.g. 100.6 compared to ١٠٠,٦ ). U+060C ، ARABIC COMMA
The Hindu–Arabic numeral system is a decimal place-value numeral system that uses a zero glyph as in "205". [1]Its glyphs are descended from the Indian Brahmi numerals.The full system emerged by the 8th to 9th centuries, and is first described outside India in Al-Khwarizmi's On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals (ca. 825), and second Al-Kindi's four-volume work On the Use of the Indian ...
In the Arab world, where Eastern Arabic numerals are used for writing numbers, a different character is used to separate the integer and fractional parts of numbers. It is referred to as an Arabic decimal separator (U+066B, rendered: ٫ ) in Unicode. An Arabic thousands separator (U+066C, rendered: ٬ ) also exists.
There are two main kinds of numerals used along with Arabic text; Western Arabic numerals and Eastern Arabic numerals. In most of present-day North Africa, the usual Western Arabic numerals are used. Like Western Arabic numerals, in Eastern Arabic numerals, the units are always right-most, and the highest value left-most.