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Women in positions of power are women who hold an occupation that gives them great authority, influence, and/or responsibility in government or in businesses. Historically, power has been distributed among the sexes disparately. Power and powerful positions have most often been associated with men as opposed to women. [1]
The inclusion of women in politics allowed for more gender equality. The first female speaker of House, the First Lady to run for president, first women to serve on the Supreme Court, and the first female Vice President [81] were monumental events that provided insight into the developing social acceptance of women in power. [82]
Despite the new 13th NPC lineup including 742 women out of 2,980 representatives, about 24.9% of the total with a 1.5% increase from the prior term, [160] there is little presence of women in the central power structure of major government organs and their political influence is vastly diminished as they climb up the political ladder.
The Pacific Islands have the lowest proportion of female members of parliament in the world at 8%. Globally, women make up 27% of parliaments worldwide, and only 13 countries are close to 50%.
Gender and politics is the focus of the journals Politics & Gender [15] and the European Journal of Politics and Gender. Gender and politics is also the title of a book series, Gender and Politics, which launched in 2012 and published dozens of volumes over the next several years. [2]
Women's participation in political parties remained low in the 1990s with 10-12% membership consisting of women. [29] Indian women have also taken the initiative to form their own political parties, and in 2007, the United Women Front party was created, and has advocated for increasing the reservation of seats for women in parliament to 50%. [ 30 ]
In 2021, as stated by the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University, 27 Black women will serve in the 117th Congress, doubling the number of Black women to serve in 2011. [36] In 2014, Mia Love was the first black woman to be elected to Congress for the Republican Party . [ 37 ]
During the Imperial period, women of the emperor's family could acquire considerable political power and were regularly depicted in official art and on coinage. [27] The central core of Roman society was the pater familias or the male head of the household who exercised his authority over all his children, servants, and wife. [24]