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A typical use of these transistors is as a switch for moderate voltages and currents, including as drivers for small lamps, motors, and relays. [1] In switching circuits, these FETs can be used much like bipolar junction transistors, but have some advantages: high input impedance of the insulated gate means almost no gate current is required
The NPN BJT (n-type bipolar junction transistor) and nMOS (n-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) have greater conductance than their PNP and pMOS relatives, so may be more commonly used for these outputs. Open outputs using PNP and pMOS transistors will use the opposite internal voltage rail used by NPN and nMOS transistors.
The 2N3906 is a commonly used PNP bipolar junction transistor intended for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] It is designed for low electric current and power and medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3904 NPN transistor. [3]
The 2N3904 is an NPN transistor that can only switch one-third the current of the 2N2222 but has otherwise similar characteristics. The 2N3904 exhibits its forward gain (beta) peak at a lower current than the 2N2222, and is useful in amplifier applications with reduced I c , e.g., (gain peak at 10 mA for the 2N3904 but 150 mA for the 2N2222).
The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...
On-state V CA drops to around 2 V, which is compatible with Transistor–transistor logic (TTL) and CMOS logic gates with 5 V power supply. [40] Low-voltage CMOS (e.g. 3.3 V or 1.8 V logic) requires level conversion with a resistive voltage divider , [ 40 ] or replacing the TL431 with a low-voltage alternative like the TLV431.
Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor. [28] I B, I C and I E are the base, collector and emitter currents; I CD and I ED are the collector and emitter diode currents; α F and α R are the forward and reverse common-base current gains. Ebers–Moll model for a PNP transistor Approximated Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor in the ...
Darlington Transistor (NPN-type) In electronics, a Darlington configuration (commonly called as a Darlington pair) is a circuit consisting of two bipolar transistors with the emitter of one transistor connected to the base of the other, such that the current amplified by the first transistor is amplified further by the second one. [1]