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The patent also used the keys and slots and a tail on the tool shank to prevent the tool shank from falling out of a horizontal mill's spindle while the operator connected the drawbar. [12] ANSI B5.18-1972 specifies some essential dimensions for milling machine spindles and tool shanks using taper sizes 30, 40, 45, 50, 60. [13]
It is a self-locking (or self holding) taper of approximately 5/8" per foot [3] that allows the torque to be transferred to the drill bit by the friction between the taper shank and the socket. The tang at the end of the taper provides a positive drive of the drill when the taper fails to grip. [4]
For production machine tools, the shank type is usually one of the following: a standard taper (such as Morse or Brown & Sharpe), a straight round shank to be held by a collet, or a straight round shank with a flat for a set screw, to be held by a solid toolholder.
R8 was developed to allow rapid tool changes and requires an exact match between collet and tool shank diameter. R8 collets have a keyway to prevent rotation when fitting or removing, but it is the compressed taper and not the keyway that provides the driving force.
A spade drill bit for metal is a two part bit with a tool holder and an insertable tip, called an insert. The inserts come in various sizes that range from 7 ⁄ 16 to 2.5 inches (11 to 64 mm). The tool holder usually has a coolant passage running through it. [13] They are capable of cutting to a depth of about 10 times the bit diameter.
A 14 mm shank similar to SDS-plus, designed for hammers from 2 to 5 kg. The grip area is increased to 212 mm 2 (0.329 sq in) and the shank is inserted 70 mm. This size remained uncommon and was discontinued in 2009. [5] SDS-max An 18 mm shank with three open grooves and locking segments rather than balls. It is designed for hammers over 5 kg.