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Septic shock is a result of a systemic response to infection or multiple infectious causes. The precipitating infections that may lead to septic shock if severe enough include but are not limited to appendicitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, diverticulitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, pancreatitis, necrotizing fasciitis, MRSA and mesenteric ischemia.
Bacteremia can have several important health consequences. Immune responses to the bacteria can cause sepsis and septic shock, which, particularly if severe sepsis and then septic shock occurs, have high mortality rates, especially if not treated quickly (though, if treated early, currently mild sepsis can usually be dealt with successfully). [6]
10 to 80% risk of death; [4] [6] These mortality rates (they are for a range of conditions along a spectrum: sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock) may be lower if treated aggressively and early, depending on the organism and disease, the patient's previous health, and the abilities of the treatment location and its staff: Frequency
In septic shock the blood flow in the microvasculature is abnormal with some capillaries underperfused and others with normal to high blood flow. [5] The endothelial cells lining the blood vessels become less responsive to vasoconstrictive agents, lose their glycocalyx (normal coating) and negative ionic charge, become leaky and cause extensive ...
The bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or (usually) both adrenal glands. [2] It is characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection meningococcemia leading to massive blood invasion, organ failure , coma , low blood pressure and shock , disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with widespread purpura , rapidly ...
Other sites involved in septic metastasis and abscess formation are the muscles and soft tissues, liver, spleen, kidneys and nervous system (intracranial abscesses, meningitis). [5] Production of bacterial toxins such as lipopolysaccharide leads to secretion of cytokines by white blood cells which then both lead to symptoms of sepsis.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. [1] Symptoms may include fever , rash , skin peeling , and low blood pressure . [ 1 ] There may also be symptoms related to the specific underlying infection such as mastitis , osteomyelitis , necrotising fasciitis , or pneumonia .
Septic thrombophlebitis is characterized by a bacterial or fungal infection that coexists with venous thrombosis.Deep veins or superficial veins could be affected. Septic thrombophlebitis can manifest as anything from a harmless condition that affects a small area of superficial veins to serious systemic infections that cause shock and even death.