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Genetic phenomenology studies the emergence (or genesis) of meanings of things within the stream of experience. Hermeneutical phenomenology (sometimes hermeneutic phenomenology) [50] [51] studies interpretive structures of experience. This approach was introduced in Martin Heidegger's early work. [52]
Ricoeur focuses on the importance of symbols and linguistics within hermeneutic phenomenology. [71] Overall, hermeneutic phenomenological research focuses on historical meanings and experiences, and their developmental and social effects on individuals. [72]
Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) is a qualitative form of psychology research. IPA has an idiographic focus, which means that instead of producing generalization findings, it aims to offer insights into how a given person, in a given context, makes sense of a given situation .
Phenomenological description has found widespread application within psychology and the cognitive sciences. For example, Maurice Merleau-Ponty is the first well known phenomenologist to openly mingle the results of empirical research with phenomenologically descriptive research.
Ricœur relates his discussion of Freud to the emphasis on the importance of language shared by philosophers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Martin Heidegger, schools of philosophy, such as phenomenology, a movement founded by Edmund Husserl, and English linguistic philosophy—as well as disciplines such as New Testament exegesis, comparative religion, anthropology, and psychoanalysis.
Caputo is a specialist in contemporary continental philosophy, with a particular expertise in phenomenology, hermeneutics, and deconstruction.Over the years, he has developed a deconstructive hermeneutics that he calls radical hermeneutics, which is highly influenced by the thought of the French philosopher Jacques Derrida.
One of Ricœur's major contributions to the field of hermeneutics was the entwining of hermeneutical processes with phenomenology. In this union, Ricœur applies the hermeneutical task to more than just textual analysis, but also to how each self relates to anything that is outside of the self.
Phenomenography is not phenomenology. Phenomenographers adopt an empirical orientation and they investigate the experiences of others. [6] The focus of interpretive phenomenology is upon the essence of the phenomenon, whereas the focus of phenomenography is upon the essence of the experiences and the subsequent perceptions of the phenomenon. [12]