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Bipolar transistors have four distinct regions of operation, defined by BJT junction biases: [9] [10] Forward-active (or simply active) The base–emitter junction is forward biased and the base–collector junction is reverse biased. Most bipolar transistors are designed to afford the greatest common-emitter current gain, β F, in
Early, is the variation in the effective width of the base in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) due to a variation in the applied base-to-collector voltage. A greater reverse bias across the collector–base junction, for example, increases the collector–base depletion width, thereby decreasing the width of the charge carrier portion of the ...
A load line diagram, illustrating an operating point in the transistor's active region.. Biasing is the setting of the DC operating point of an electronic component. For bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), the operating point is defined as the steady-state DC collector-emitter voltage and the collector current with no input signal applied.
An avalanche transistor is a bipolar junction transistor designed for operation in the region of its ... is the collector-base reverse leakage current, ...
The emitter–base junction of a bipolar NPN transistor behaves as a Zener diode, with breakdown voltage at about 6.8 V for common bipolar processes and about 10 V for lightly doped base regions in BiCMOS processes. Older processes with poor control of doping characteristics had the variation of Zener voltage up to ±1 V, newer processes using ...
[1] [2] [3] In order to achieve this with a bipolar transistor, the transistor is biased. [1] [3] Faithful amplification can only occur on transistors with a forward biased emitter-base junction, a reverse biased collector-base junction, and proper zero signal collector current.
For a bipolar junction transistor amplifier, this requirement means that the transistor must stay in the active mode, and avoid cut-off or saturation. The same requirement applies to a MOSFET amplifier, although the terminology differs a little: the MOSFET must stay in the active mode , and avoid cutoff or ohmic operation.
The Gummel–Poon model is a model of the bipolar junction transistor. It was first described in an article published by Hermann Gummel and H. C. Poon at Bell Labs in 1970. [1] The Gummel–Poon model and modern variants of it are widely used in popular circuit simulators such as SPICE.