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A charter is a document defining the responsibilities of actors of the French state (the king and the two chambers). In his Souvenirs de 1814, Louis-Philippe claimed that Louis XVIII did not conceive the charter as a new fundamental law of the French Kingdom – for those were still in place and could not be changed – but rather as a document stating the replacement of the Estates General ...
The 1814 campaign in north-east France was Napoleon's final campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition. Following their victory at Leipzig in 1813, the Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and other German armies of the Sixth Coalition invaded France.
10 February - Battle of Champaubert, decisive French victory over Prussia/Russia. 11 February - Battle of Montmirail, French victory. 12 February - Battle of Château-Thierry, French victory against Prussian forces. 14 February - Battle of Vauchamps, French victory. 17 February - Battle of Mormant, French victory.
Battle of Paris by Bogdan Willewalde, 1834 Imperial Russian Army attacking Montmartre Heights Russian army enters Paris. The Battle of Paris (or the Storming of Paris [2]) was fought on 30–31 March 1814 between the Sixth Coalition, consisting of Russia, Austria, and Prussia, and France.
Louis XVIII ruled as king for slightly less than a decade. His Bourbon Restoration government was a constitutional monarchy, unlike the absolutist Ancien Régime in France before the Revolution. As a constitutional monarch, Louis XVIII's royal prerogative was reduced substantially by the Charter of 1814, France's new
The French Revolution (French: Révolution française [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ fʁɑ̃sɛːz]) was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
The Oxford History of the French Revolution (3rd ed. 2018) excerpt; Mignet, François, Member of the Institute of France, History of the French Revolution, from 1789 to 1814, Bell & Daldy, London, 1873. Popkin, Jeremy. A Short History of the French Revolution (2014) excerpt
Following the French Revolution (1789–1799), Napoleon Bonaparte became ruler of France. After years of expansion of his French Empire by successive military victories, a coalition of European powers defeated him in the War of the Sixth Coalition , ended the First Empire in 1814, and restored the monarchy to the brothers of Louis XVI.