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ASCII – The ubiquitous ASCII code was originally defined as a seven-bit character set. The ASCII article provides a detailed set of equivalent standards and variants. In addition, there are various extensions of ASCII to eight bits (see Eight-bit binary codes) CCIR 476 – Extends ITA2 from 5 to 7 bits, using the extra 2 bits as check digits [4]
The US standardized on a version of ITA2 called the American Teletypewriter code (US TTY) which was the basis for 5-bit teletypewriter codes until the debut of 7-bit ASCII in 1963. [15] Some code points (marked blue in the table) were reserved for national-specific usage. [16] A four-row teletype keyboard with Roman and Cyrillic letters.
A code unit is the minimum bit combination that can represent a character in a character encoding (in computer science terms, it is the word size of the character encoding). [ 10 ] [ 12 ] For example, common code units include 7-bit, 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit.
With vowels and consonants sorted in their alphabetical order, [36] [37] [38] and other symbols appropriately placed, the 5-bit character code has been recognized as a reflected binary code. [13] This code became known as Baudot code [39] and, with minor changes, was eventually adopted as International Telegraph Alphabet No. 1 (ITA1, CCITT-1 ...
ITA2 was in turn based on Baudot code, the 5-bit telegraph code Émile Baudot invented in 1870 and patented in 1874. [31] The committee debated the possibility of a shift function (like in ITA2), which would allow more than 64 codes to be represented by a six-bit code. In a shifted code, some character codes determine choices between options ...
International codes ISO/IEC 10646 1991 21 bits usable, packed into 8/16/32-bit code units Unified encoding for most of the world's writing systems. As first introduced in 1991 had 16 bits; extension to 21 bits came later. KPS 9566: 1993 North Korean 2-byte character code set
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII), uses a 7-bit binary code to represent text and other characters within computers, communications equipment, and other devices. Each letter or symbol is assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, lowercase "a" is represented by 1100001 as a bit string (which is "97" in decimal).
Historically, the term character was used to denote a specific number of contiguous bits. While a character is most commonly assumed to refer to 8 bits (one byte) today, other options like the 6-bit character code were once popular, [2] [3] and the 5-bit Baudot code has been used in the past as well.