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In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
ELMo (embeddings from language model) is a word embedding method for representing a sequence of words as a corresponding sequence of vectors. [1] It was created by researchers at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence , [ 2 ] and University of Washington and first released in February, 2018.
According to the authors' note, [3] CBOW is faster while skip-gram does a better job for infrequent words. After the model is trained, the learned word embeddings are positioned in the vector space such that words that share common contexts in the corpus — that is, words that are semantically and syntactically similar — are located close to ...
The attention network was designed to identify high correlations patterns amongst words in a given sentence, assuming that it has learned word correlation patterns from the training data. This correlation is captured as neuronal weights learned during training with backpropagation .
An alternative direction is to aggregate word embeddings, such as those returned by Word2vec, into sentence embeddings. The most straightforward approach is to simply compute the average of word vectors, known as continuous bag-of-words (CBOW). [9] However, more elaborate solutions based on word vector quantization have also been proposed.
Prompt injection is a family of related computer security exploits carried out by getting a machine learning model (such as an LLM) which was trained to follow human-given instructions to follow instructions provided by a malicious user. This stands in contrast to the intended operation of instruction-following systems, wherein the ML model is ...
Unlike previous models, BERT is a deeply bidirectional, unsupervised language representation, pre-trained using only a plain text corpus. Context-free models such as word2vec or GloVe generate a single word embedding representation for each word in the vocabulary, whereas BERT takes into account the context for each occurrence of a given word ...
For many years, sequence modelling and generation was done by using plain recurrent neural networks (RNNs). A well-cited early example was the Elman network (1990). In theory, the information from one token can propagate arbitrarily far down the sequence, but in practice the vanishing-gradient problem leaves the model's state at the end of a long sentence without precise, extractable ...