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The septa are formed from the fascia which is made up of a strong type of connective tissue. The fascia also separates the skeletal muscles from the subcutaneous tissue. [2] Due to the great pressure placed on the leg, from the column of blood from the heart to the feet, the fascia is very thick in order to support the leg muscles. [3]
The periosteum is a membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, [1] except at the articular surfaces (i.e. the parts within a joint space) of long bones. (At the joints of long bones the bone's outer surface is lined with "articular cartilage", a type of hyaline cartilage.)
This is covered by a membrane of connective tissue called the periosteum. Beneath the cortical bone layer is a layer of spongy cancellous bone. Inside this is the medullary cavity which has an inner core of bone marrow, it contains nutrients and help in formation of cells, made up of yellow marrow in the adult and red marrow in the child.
The deep fascia of leg or crural fascia forms a complete investment to the muscles, and is fused with the periosteum over the subcutaneous surfaces of the bones.. The deep fascia of the leg is continuous above with the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh), and is attached around the knee to the patella, the patellar ligament, the tuberosity and condyles of the tibia, and the head of the fibula.
Anatomists restrict the term leg to this use, rather than to the entire lower limb. [6] The thigh is between the hip and knee and makes up the rest of the lower limb. [1] The term lower limb or lower extremity is commonly used to describe all of the leg. The leg from the knee to the ankle is called the crus. [7]
Image Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action ! Gastrocnemius: Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur Medial head: popliteal surface of femur; superior to medial condyle
Image Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Main Action Fibularis longus: Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula: Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform: Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) Everts foot and weakly plantarflexes ankle Fibularis brevis: Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
In the lower leg, the tibia and fibula are two parallel bones that complete the lower half of the knee joint. The tibia, located medially, bears most of the body's weight, while the fibula, positioned laterally, is smaller and supports leg structure. Further down the leg are the metatarsal bones, found near the distal end of the hindlimb.