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  2. Intracardiac injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracardiac_injection

    The practice of intracardiac injection originated in the 1800s. It was commonly performed during the 1960s, as it was considered the fastest way to get medication to the heart. The practice began declining during the 1970s as more reliable delivery methods (i.e., intravenous, endotracheal, and intraosseous) came into use. Around that time ...

  3. Epinephrine (medication) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epinephrine_(medication)

    It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin. [8] Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. [8] A fast heart rate and high blood pressure may occur. [8] Occasionally, it may result in an abnormal heart rhythm. [8]

  4. Intramuscular injection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramuscular_injection

    Intramuscular injection, often abbreviated IM, is the injection of a substance into a muscle. In medicine , it is one of several methods for parenteral administration of medications. Intramuscular injection may be preferred because muscles have larger and more numerous blood vessels than subcutaneous tissue, leading to faster absorption than ...

  5. Cardiac muscle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_muscle

    The growth of individual cardiomyocytes not only occurs during normal heart development, it also occurs in response to extensive exercise (athletic heart syndrome), heart disease, or heart muscle injury such as after a myocardial infarction. A healthy adult cardiomyocyte has a cylindrical shape that is approximately 100μm long and 10–25μm ...

  6. Cardiac physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_physiology

    Cardiac physiology or heart function is the study of healthy, unimpaired function of the heart: involving blood flow; myocardium structure; the electrical conduction system of the heart; the cardiac cycle and cardiac output and how these interact and depend on one another.

  7. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_excitation...

    Firstly, it binds to the intracellular side of the DHPR, signalling the channels to close and preventing further influx of Ca 2+ into the cell. Secondly Ca 2+ indirectly activates proteins, called myofilaments, resulting in muscle contraction. The two main myofilaments in cardiac (and skeletal) muscle are actin and myosin.

  8. Adrenal gland - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrenal_gland

    Adrenaline and noradrenaline act by interacting with adrenoreceptors throughout the body, with effects that include an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. [23] Actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline are responsible for the fight or flight response, characterised by a quickening of breathing and heart rate, an increase in blood pressure ...

  9. Cardiac action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_action_potential

    The action potential passes along the cell membrane causing the cell to contract, therefore the activity of the sinoatrial node results in a resting heart rate of roughly 60–100 beats per minute. All cardiac muscle cells are electrically linked to one another, by intercalated discs which allow the action potential to pass from one cell to the ...