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The Red Army Faction (Rote Armee Fraktion, pronounced [ˌʁoːtə ʔaʁˈmeː fʁakˌtsi̯oːn] ⓘ; RAF [ˌɛʁʔaːˈʔɛf] ⓘ), [a] also known as the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang (German: Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe Baader-Meinhof-Bande [ˈbaːdɐ ˈmaɪnhɔf ˈɡʁʊpə] ⓘ), was a West German far-left militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998.
During the Cold War, especially in the 1970s, West Germany experienced severe terrorism, mostly perpetrated by far-left terrorist groups and culminating in the German Autumn of 1977, the country's most serious national crisis in postwar history. Terrorist incidents also took place in the 1980s and 1990s.
The German Autumn (German: Deutscher Herbst) refers to the period and political atmosphere in the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) during September and October 1977. This period was marked by a series of attacks by the Red Army Faction (RAF), a far-left militant group designated as a terrorist organization by the West German government.
The Red Army Faction (RAF) existed in West Germany from 1970 to 1998, committing numerous crimes, especially in the autumn of 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as the "German Autumn". The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Ulrike Meinhof, Horst Mahler, and others. [1]
This led directly to the founding of the German federal border guard's counter-terrorism intervention unit, GSG 9, less than two weeks later. [ 18 ] It was known half an hour before the hostages and kidnappers arrived at Fürstenfeldbruck airbase that the number of kidnappers was larger than initially believed.
German police officer 5 September 1977 Helmut Ulmer [9] German police officer 5 September 1977 Hanns Martin Schleyer [10] Chairman of the German Employers' Association: 18 October 1977 Mulhouse France: Arie Kranenburg [11] Dutch policeman 22 September 1977 Utrecht Netherlands: Hans-Wilhelm Hansen [12] German police officer 24 September 1978 ...
In the same day the group kidnapping the Brazilian consul Aloysio Dias Gomide, released on 21 February 1971 for ransom ($250,000). Movimiento de Liberación Nacional-Tupamaros: August 12 Bombing: 2 0 Crossmaglen, Northern Ireland: Two members of the RUC were killed by a booby trap bomb Provisional IRA: The Troubles: August 24 Bombing: 1 3
The group became known as the Baader-Meinhof Group. Baader and others then spent some time in a Fatah military training camp in Jordan before being expelled due to "differences in attitudes". [17] Back in West Germany, Baader robbed banks and bombed buildings from 1970 to 1972.