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The causes of schizophrenia are unknown, and a number of models have been put forward to explain the link between altered brain function and schizophrenia. [27] The prevailing model of schizophrenia is that of a neurodevelopmental disorder, and the underlying changes that occur before symptoms become evident are seen as arising from the ...
Ketamine produces more similar symptoms (hallucinations, withdrawal) without observed permanent effects (other than ketamine tolerance). Both arylcyclohexamines have some(uM) affinity to D2 and as triple reuptake inhibitors. PCP is representative symptomatically, but does appear to cause brain structure changes seen in schizophrenia. [22]
The evolution of schizophrenia refers to the theory of natural selection working in favor of selecting traits that are characteristic of the disorder. Positive symptoms are features that are not present in healthy individuals but appear as a result of the disease process. These include visual and/or auditory hallucinations, delusions, paranoia ...
By age and gender. Schizophrenia is diagnosed 1.4 times more frequently in males than females, and typically appears earlier in men [ 7 ] —the peak ages of onset are 20–28 years for males and 26–32 years for females. [ 9 ] Onset in childhood, before the age of 13 can sometimes occur. [ 10 ][ 11 ] A later onset can occur between the ages ...
Management of schizophrenia. The management of schizophrenia usually involves many aspects including psychological, pharmacological, social, educational, and employment-related interventions directed to recovery, and reducing the impact of schizophrenia on quality of life, social functioning, and longevity. [ 1 ]
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with no precise or single cause. Schizophrenia is thought to arise from multiple mechanisms and complex gene–environment interactions with vulnerability factors. [1][2] Risk factors of schizophrenia have been identified and include genetic factors, environmental factors such as experiences in ...
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