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  2. Targum Onkelos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum_Onkelos

    In Talmudic times, readings from the Torah within the synagogues were rendered, verse-by-verse, into an Aramaic translation. To this day, the oldest surviving custom with respect to the Yemenite Jewish prayer-rite is the reading of the Torah and the Haftara with the Aramaic translation (in this case, Targum Onkelos for the Torah and Targum Jonathan ben 'Uzziel for the Haftarah).

  3. Targum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum

    11th century Hebrew Bible with targum, perhaps from Tunisia, found in Iraq: part of the Schøyen Collection. A targum (Imperial Aramaic: תרגום 'interpretation, translation, version') was an originally spoken translation of the Hebrew Bible (also called the Hebrew: תַּנַ״ךְ, romanized: Tana"kh) that a professional translator (מְתוּרגְמָן mǝṯurgǝmān) would give in ...

  4. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan

    Rabbinic literature. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (also known as the Jerusalem Targum, Targum Yerushalmi, or Targum Jonathan) is an Aramaic translation and interpretation (targum) of the Torah (Pentateuch) traditionally thought to have originated from the land of Israel, although more recently a provenance in 12th-century Italy has been proposed. [1 ...

  5. Targum Rishon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum_Rishon

    Targum Rishon. The Targum Rishon, also known as the First Targum of Esther in the Hebrew, is an Aramaic translation ( targum) and elaboration of the Book of Esther. Much less apocryphal material is used to embellish its account compared with Targum Sheni (also known as the Second Targum of Esther ), and it is also significantly shorter, as ...

  6. Samaritan Pentateuch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch

    The Samaritan Targum, composed in the Samaritan variety of Western Aramaic, is the earliest translation of the Samaritan Pentateuch. Its creation was motivated by the same need to translate the Pentateuch into the Aramaic language spoken by the community which led to the creation of Jewish Targums such as Targum Onkelos.

  7. Targum Sheni - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum_Sheni

    The Targum Sheni, also known as the Second Targum of Esther, is an Aramaic translation ( targum) and elaboration of the Book of Esther. Notably, the biblical account is embellished with a considerable amount of new apocryphal material in this book. The text is sometimes referred to as the Second Targum of Esther to contrast it with another ...

  8. Onkelos - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onkelos

    Onkelos. Targum from the 11th century. Onkelos (Hebrew: אֻנְקְלוֹס ʾunqəlōs), possibly identical to Aquila of Sinope, was a Roman national who converted to Judaism in Tannaic times (c. 35–120 CE). He is considered to be the author of the Targum Onkelos (c. 110 CE).

  9. Targum Lamentations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targum_Lamentations

    The Targum of Lamentations (TgLam) is an Aramaic rendering of the biblical Book of Lamentations. Like all other targumim, TgLam renders the biblical book into Aramaic while incorporating rabbinic interpretations into the resultant text. TgLam probably originated in the early centuries of the Common Era as a result of Lamentations' use in the ...