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Eventually, heart failure can result, which carries a 50% mortality rate. [21] There is no effective treatment against established cardiomyopathy caused by the drug as of 2010. [ 21 ] The drug dexrazoxane , which is an iron chelator may be used to decrease the risk of doxorubicin's cardiotoxicity in certain cases.
Cardiotoxicity is the occurrence of heart dysfunction as electric or muscle damage, resulting in heart toxicity. [1] This can cause heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis, and cardiomyopathy in patients. [2] Some effects are reversible, while in others, permanent damage requiring further treatment may arise.
Doxorubicin is a very effective anti-cancer drug that causes congestive heart failure while treating tumors. [7] Doxorubicin is an uncoupling agent in that it inhibits proper functioning of complex I of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It then leads to the production of ROS and the inhibition of ATP production.
As an example, the incidence of congestive heart failure is 4.7%, 26% and 48% respectively when patients received doxorubicin at 400 mg/m 2, 550 mg/m 2 and 700 mg/m 2. [4] Therefore, the lifetime cumulative doxorubicin exposure is limited to 400–450 mg/m 2 in order to reduce congestive heart failure incidence to less than 5%, although ...
Cardiovascular complications, such as ischaemic heart disease, venous thromboembolism, congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular failure. Ixabepilone: IV: Promotes tubulin polymerisation and stabilises microtubular function, causing cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and subsequently induces apoptosis
That can trigger an increased heart rate and blood pressure, putting more strain on the heart. “Anything that can raise your heart rate can cause heart attacks and potentially heart failure ...
Two distinct drug classes in which cardiotoxicity can occur are in anti-cancer and antiarrhythmic drugs. Anti-cancer drug classes that cause cardiotoxicity include anthracyclines, monoclonal antibodies, and antimetabolites. This form generally manifests as a progressive form of heart failure, but can also manifest as an harmful arrhythmia. [2]
High concentrations of oxygen, such as those often used in surgery, can trigger lung damage in patients who have received bleomycin, even years later. Pulmonary function tests are often used to assess for bleomycin-related damage to the lungs. One study found bleomycin lung damage in 18% of patients receiving ABVD for Hodgkin disease. [7]