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  2. Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)

    Matrix (mathematics) An m × n matrix: the m rows are horizontal and the n columns are vertical. Each element of a matrix is often denoted by a variable with two subscripts. For example, a2,1 represents the element at the second row and first column of the matrix. In mathematics, a matrix (pl.: matrices) is a rectangular array or table of ...

  3. Vectorization (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorization_(mathematics)

    Vectorization (mathematics) In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the vectorization of a matrix is a linear transformation which converts the matrix into a vector. Specifically, the vectorization of a m × n matrix A, denoted vec (A), is the mn × 1 column vector obtained by stacking the columns of the matrix A on top ...

  4. Matrix-free methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix-free_methods

    Matrix-free methods. In computational mathematics, a matrix-free method is an algorithm for solving a linear system of equations or an eigenvalue problem that does not store the coefficient matrix explicitly, but accesses the matrix by evaluating matrix-vector products. [1] Such methods can be preferable when the matrix is so big that storing ...

  5. Matrix pencil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_pencil

    Matrix pencils play an important role in numerical linear algebra.The problem of finding the eigenvalues of a pencil is called the generalized eigenvalue problem.The most popular algorithm for this task is the QZ algorithm, which is an implicit version of the QR algorithm to solve the associated eigenvalue problem = without forming explicitly the matrix (which could be impossible or ill ...

  6. Gell-Mann matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gell-Mann_matrices

    Gell-Mann matrices. The Gell-Mann matrices, developed by Murray Gell-Mann, are a set of eight linearly independent 3×3 traceless Hermitian matrices used in the study of the strong interaction in particle physics. They span the Lie algebra of the SU (3) group in the defining representation.

  7. Choi's theorem on completely positive maps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi's_theorem_on...

    In mathematics, Choi's theorem on completely positive maps is a result that classifies completely positive maps between finite-dimensional (matrix) C*-algebras. An infinite-dimensional algebraic generalization of Choi's theorem is known as Belavkin 's "Radon–Nikodym" theorem for completely positive maps.

  8. Conjugate transpose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_transpose

    Conjugate transpose. In mathematics, the conjugate transpose, also known as the Hermitian transpose, of an complex matrix is an matrix obtained by transposing and applying complex conjugation to each entry (the complex conjugate of being , for real numbers and ). There are several notations, such as or , [1] , [2] or (often in physics) .

  9. Matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_analysis

    In mathematics, particularly in linear algebra and applications, matrix analysis is the study of matrices and their algebraic properties. [1] Some particular topics out of many include; operations defined on matrices (such as matrix addition, matrix multiplication and operations derived from these), functions of matrices (such as matrix exponentiation and matrix logarithm, and even sines and ...