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A leaf (pl.: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, [1] usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", [2][3] while the leaves, stem, flower, and fruit collectively form the shoot system. [4]
Chloroplasts in leaf cells of the moss Mnium stellare. Plant anatomy or phytotomy is the general term for the study of the internal structure of plants.Originally, it included plant morphology, the description of the physical form and external structure of plants, but since the mid-20th century, plant anatomy has been considered a separate field referring only to internal plant structure.
Rosette – cluster of leaves with very short internodes that are crowded together, normally on the surface of the soil but sometimes higher on the stem. Rostellate – like a rosette (cf. rostellum). Rosulate – arranged into a rosette. Runner – an elongated, slender branch that roots at the nodes or tip.
Plant stem. This above-ground stem of Polygonum has lost its leaves, but is producing adventitious roots from the nodes. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and ...
Growth from any such meristem at the tip of a root or shoot is termed primary growth and results in the lengthening of that root or shoot. Secondary growth results in widening of a root or shoot from divisions of cells in a cambium. [8] In addition to growth by cell division, a plant may grow through cell elongation. This occurs when individual ...
leaf base. Triangular, wedge-shaped, stem attaches to point. cuneiform. whole leaf. Narrowly triangular, widest on the opposite end from the stem, with the corners at that end rounded. cuspidate. cuspidatus. leaf tip. With a sharp, elongated, rigid tip; tipped with a cusp.
Root tip, showing young root hairs. Root hair, or absorbent hairs, are outgrowths of epidermal cells, specialized cells at the tip of a plant root. They are lateral extensions of a single cell and are only rarely branched. They are found in the region of maturation, of the root. Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root ...
Plant development. Important structures in plant development are buds, shoots, roots, leaves, and flowers; plants produce these tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems [1] located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Thus, a living plant always has embryonic tissues. By contrast, an animal embryo will very early ...