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Operative temperature or PMV should be calculated at 0.6 m for seated occupants, 1.1 m for standing occupants, and the mean height of the body for horizontal occupants. [10] Local discomfort caused by floor temperature and radiant temperature asymmetry should be measured at the floor surface and at the occupants’ locations, respectively. [12]
The air temperature is the average temperature of the air surrounding the occupant, with respect to location and time. According to ASHRAE 55 standard, the spatial average takes into account the ankle, waist and head levels, which vary for seated or standing occupants.
Common scales of temperature measured in degrees: Celsius (°C) Fahrenheit (°F) Rankine (°R or °Ra), which uses the Fahrenheit scale, adjusted so that 0 degrees Rankine is equal to absolute zero. Unlike the degree Fahrenheit and degree Celsius, the kelvin is no longer referred to or written as a degree (but was before 1967 [1] [2] [3]). The ...
A digital thermometer reading an ambient temperature of 36.4°C (97°F) in an unventilated room during a heat wave; a high indoor temperature can cause heat exhaustion or heat stroke in a person. The World Health Organization in 1987 found that comfortable indoor temperatures of 18–24 °C (64–75 °F) were not associated with health risks ...
Operative temperature is used in heat transfer and thermal comfort analysis in transportation and buildings. [10] Most psychrometric charts used in HVAC design only show the dry bulb temperature on the x-axis(abscissa), however, it is the operative temperature which is specified on the x-axis of the psychrometric chart illustrated in ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55 – Thermal Environmental Conditions ...
In a stratified building, temperature differentials of up to 1.5°C per vertical foot is common, and the higher a building's ceiling, the more extreme this temperature differential can be. [2] In extreme cases, temperature differentials of 10°C have been found over a height of 1 meter.
The hypocaust was created by making a structure under the floor of the building. ... to be just about any size a human can be, is an example of such an invention. ... roll of the hand within the ...
A medical/clinical thermometer showing the temperature of 38.7 °C (101.7 °F) Temperature measurement (also known as thermometry) describes the process of measuring a current temperature for immediate or later evaluation. Datasets consisting of repeated standardized measurements can be used to assess temperature trends.