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Having wildlife interacting around humans in urban areas can create conflicts between humans and animals. A case study in Aspen, Colorado observed the foraging habits of bears, tracking their movements using GPS collars, and found that bears visited forested areas in the city with fruit-bearing trees for food. [34]
Humans have lived alongside and near wild animals for centuries, but the expansion of the study of urban ecology has allowed for new information surrounding human-wildlife interactions. [11] Human wildlife conflict can be categorized into disease transmission , physical attacks, and property damage, [ 11 ] and can be inflicted by a range of ...
The goal of urban ecology is to achieve a balance between human culture and the natural environment. [1] [2] Urban ecology is a recent field of study compared to ecology. [3] Currently, most of the information in this field is based on the easier to study species of mammals and birds [source needed].
Urban-wildlife interactions in Singapore have been an evolving aspect of the city-state's history. As a rapidly urbanising nation, Singapore has experienced a significant transformation of its natural habitats, leading to complex interactions between humans and wildlife. The island's unique geographical location and tropical climate have all ...
Tijuca Forest in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In many countries there is a growing understanding of the importance of the natural ecology in urban forests. There are numerous projects underway aimed at restoration and preservation of ecosystems, ranging from simple elimination of leaf-raking and elimination of invasive plants to full-blown reintroduction of original species and riparian ecosystems.
Trees planted in municipal areas are subject to removal as preferences change. Urban reforestation efforts compete for money and urban land that could be used for other purposes. For example, effort placed in planting new trees can take away from maintenance of already established trees. [11]
Urban ecosystems rely on large subsidies of imported water, nutrients, food and other resources. Compared to other natural and artificial ecosystems human population density is high, and their interaction with the different patch types produces emergent properties and complex feedbacks among ecosystem components. [1]
Urban forest inequity, also known as shade inequity or tree canopy inequity, [1] is the inequitable distribution of trees, with their associated benefits, across metropolitan areas. [2] This phenomenon has a number of follow-on effects, including but not limited to measurable impacts on faunal biodiversity and the urban heat island effect .