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Frequency (symbol f), most often measured in hertz (symbol: Hz), is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time. [1] It is also occasionally referred to as temporal frequency for clarity and to distinguish it from spatial frequency .
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), often described as being equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second. [1] [a] The hertz is an SI derived unit whose formal expression in terms of SI base units is s −1, meaning that one hertz is one per second or the reciprocal of one second. [2]
frequency: hertz (Hz) function: friction: newton (N) electrical conductance: siemens (S) universal gravitational constant: newton meter squared per kilogram squared (N⋅m 2 /kg 2) shear modulus: pascal (Pa) or newton per square meter (N/m 2) gluon field strength tensor: inverse length squared (1/m 2) acceleration due to gravity
A periodic function, also called a periodic waveform (or simply periodic wave), is a function that repeats its values at regular intervals or periods. The repeatable part of the function or waveform is called a cycle . [ 1 ]
For example, if the frequency in one direction is twice that of another, a figure eight pattern is produced. If the ratio of frequencies is irrational, the motion is quasiperiodic. This motion is periodic on each axis, but is not periodic with respect to r, and will never repeat. [1]
Therefore, when two periodic signals have the same frequency, they are always in phase, or always out of phase. Physically, this situation commonly occurs, for many reasons. For example, the two signals may be a periodic soundwave recorded by two microphones at separate locations.
A molecular vibration is a periodic motion of the atoms of a molecule relative to each other, such that the center of mass of the molecule remains unchanged. The typical vibrational frequencies range from less than 10 13 Hz to approximately 10 14 Hz, corresponding to wavenumbers of approximately 300 to 3000 cm −1 and wavelengths of approximately 30 to 3 μm.
Plot of normalized function (i.e. ()) with its spectral frequency components.. The unitary Fourier transforms of the rectangular function are [2] = = (), using ordinary frequency f, where is the normalized form [10] of the sinc function and = (/) / = (/), using angular frequency , where is the unnormalized form of the sinc function.