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William McDougall FRS [1] (/ m ə k ˈ d uː ɡ əl /; 22 June 1871 – 28 November 1938) was an early 20th century psychologist who was a professor at University College London, University of Oxford, Harvard University and Duke University. [2]
Several theories analysing performance gains in groups via drive, motivational, cognitive and personality processes, explain why social facilitation occurs. Zajonc hypothesized that compresence (the state of responding in the presence of others) elevates an individual's drive level which in turn triggers social facilitation when tasks are ...
Influenced by the ideas of William McDougall, Lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" model of the motivation of behavior, which tended towards group selectionist ideas, which were influential in the 1960s. Another of his contributions to ethology is his work on imprinting.
Major process theories are expectancy theory, equity theory, goal-setting theory, self-determination theory, and reinforcement theory. [123] Another way to classify theories of motivation focuses on the role of inborn physiological processes in contrast to cognitive processes and distinguishes between biological, psychological, and ...
The history of evolutionary psychology began with Charles Darwin, who said that humans have social instincts that evolved by natural selection.Darwin's work inspired later psychologists such as William James and Sigmund Freud but for most of the 20th century psychologists focused more on behaviorism and proximate explanations for human behavior.
Michael Apter, reversal theory; Michael Argyle, social psychology, discourse analysis; Robert Arkin, social psychology; Magda B. Arnold; Solomon Asch (Asch conformity experiments, Social influence, Peer pressure) Roberto Assagioli; John William Atkinson, human motivation, achievement and behavior; Aušra Augustinavičiūtė; Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
The challenge of demonstrating the existence of altruistic motivation is to show how empathic concern leads to helping in ways that cannot be explained by prevailing theories of egoistic motivation. That is, a clear case needs to be made that it is concern about the other person's welfare, not a desire to improve one's own welfare, that ...
Self-determination theory (SDT) is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people's innate growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It pertains to the motivation behind people's choices in the absence of external influences and distractions.