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k-anonymity is an attempt to solve the problem "Given person-specific field-structured data, produce a release of the data with scientific guarantees that the individuals who are the subjects of the data cannot be re-identified while the data remain practically useful."
De-anonymization is the reverse process in which anonymous data is cross-referenced with other data sources to re-identify the anonymous data source. [3] Generalization and perturbation are the two popular anonymization approaches for relational data. [ 4 ]
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The de-identification process involves masking, generalizing or deleting both direct and indirect identifiers; the definition of this process is not universal. Information in the public domain , even seemingly anonymized, may thus be re-identified in combination with other pieces of available data and basic computer science techniques.
Critics of the double-blind review process point out that, despite any editorial effort to ensure anonymity, the process often fails to do so, since certain approaches, methods, writing styles, notations, etc., point to a certain group of people in a research stream, and even to a particular person. [59] [60]
The research-based design process is a research process proposed by Teemu Leinonen, [1] [2] inspired by several design theories. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] It is strongly oriented towards the building of prototypes and it emphasizes creative solutions, exploration of various ideas and design concepts, continuous testing and redesign of the design solutions.
Internet research ethics involves the research ethics of social science, humanities, and scientific research carried out via the Internet. Of particular interest is the example of English Wikipedia and research ethics. [1] The usual view is that private and public spaces become blurred on the Internet.
For example, deindividuation has been found to foster group identification and to induce greater opinion polarization in small groups communicating online. [20] In order to understand effects of factors such as anonymity and reduced cues on group behavior, one needs to take the social and inter-group context into account.