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The 27-item instrument assesses an individual's risk of having depression, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and bipolar disorder, as well as items for drug and alcohol use and functional impairment.
The K-SADS-PL is used to screen for affective and psychotic disorders as well as other disorders, including, but not limited to Major Depressive Disorder, Mania, Bipolar Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Generalized Anxiety, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. [4]
The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
The PHQ-9 (DEP-9 in some sources [13]), a tool specific to depression, scores each of the 9 DSM-IV related criteria based on the mood module from the original PRIME-MD. [14] The PHQ-9 is both sensitive and specific in its diagnoses, which has led to its prominence in the primary care setting.
A revision of DSM-5, titled DSM-5-TR, was published in March 2022, updating diagnostic criteria and ICD-10-CM codes. [91] The diagnostic criteria for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder was changed, [92] along with adding entries for prolonged grief disorder, unspecified mood disorder and stimulant-induced mild neurocognitive disorder.
The GAD-7 is a seven-item anxiety screening instrument developed in 2006 with a similar format to that of the PHQ-9. [20] Total scores range from 0 to 21 with scores of 5, 10, and 15 indicating mild, moderate, and severe anxiety. Unlike the PHQ-9, clinicians use the GAD-7 to assess the severity of anxiety only.
The symptoms of anxiety and depression disorders can be very similar. A diagnosis of mixed anxiety–depressive disorder as opposed to a diagnosis of depression or an anxiety disorder can be difficult. Due to this, it has long been a struggle to find a singular set of criteria to use in the diagnosis of mixed-anxiety depressive disorder. [3]
To measure treatment outcome the sum of the ten items is used. A higher score signifies deeper depression. When using the scale to diagnose depression according to ICD-10, there are the following possibilities: Mild depression: A score of 4 or 5 in two of the first three items. Plus a score of at least 3 on two or three of the last seven items.