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Jeavons syndrome is a type of epilepsy. It is one of the most distinctive reflex syndromes of idiopathic generalized epilepsy characterized by the triad of eyelid myoclonia with and without absences , eye-closure-induced seizures, EEG paroxysms, or both, and photosensitivity .
SYNGAP1-related encephalopathy can result in a specific seizure type, characterized by eyelid myoclonia followed by an atonic drop. Reflex seizures are also seen, often triggered by eating and photosensitivity. [8] [16] [14] Atonic seizures [3] Eyelid myoclonia [3] Myoclonic absences [3] Myoclonic jerks; Tonic-clonic seizures [5]
Other proposed syndromes are Jeavons syndrome (eyelid myoclonia with absences), and genetic generalised epilepsy with phantom absences. Absence seizures are also known to occur to patients with porphyria and can be triggered by stress or other porphyrin-inducing factors. Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Seizures usually begin around puberty and usually have a genetic basis. [4] Seizures can be stimulus-selective, with flashing lights being one of the most common triggers. [4] Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a prevalent and typical form of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) syndrome.
Atypical absence seizures occur with a less sudden impairment in awareness, often accompanied by a gradual head, limb, or truncal slumping. [6] Myoclonic absence seizures occur with myoclonic jerks of arms and shoulders. [6] Absence with eyelid myoclonia seizures occur with 4-6 per second eyelid myoclonic jerks and upward eye movement. [6]
The majority of patients (58.2%) have frequent myoclonic jerks, [13] with some sources stating that all patients with JME have myoclonic seizures. [10] Generalized tonic–clonic seizures are less common [13] but still reported in 85–90%. [10] Absence seizures are believed to be least common, with an estimated prevalence between 10% and 40%.