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The disease is commonly asymptomatic and is normally discovered when performing tests for other conditions such as coronary artery disease, stable angina and other acute coronary syndromes. [2] [3] Coronary artery ectasia occurs 4 times more frequently in males than in females and in people who have risk factors for heart disease such as smokers.
The smaller the aneurysm the better the prognosis. There is less risk for ischemic myocardial damage and mortality with smaller aneurysms. Aneurysms with an internal diameter > 8 mm have poorer outcomes, since these aneurysms can be occluded and be associated with complications such as arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, or sudden death. [2]
Aneurysms may affect the right (65–85%), non-coronary (10–30%), or rarely the left (< 5%) coronary sinus. [1] These aneurysms may not cause any symptoms but if large can cause shortness of breath, palpitations or blackouts. Aortic sinus aneurysms can burst or rupture into adjacent cardiac chambers, which can lead to heart failure if untreated.
Coronary ischemia can have serious consequences if it is not treated. Plaques in the walls of the coronary arteries can rupture, resulting in occlusion of the artery and deprivation of blood flow and oxygen to the heart muscle, resulting in cardiac cell death. [9] This is known as myocardial infarction. [9]
The coronary arteries can constrict as a response to various stimuli, mostly chemical. This is known as a coronary reflex. There is also a rare condition known as spontaneous coronary artery dissection, in which the wall of one of the coronary arteries tears, causing severe pain. [10]
Thoracic aneurysms are less common than an abdominal aortic aneurysm. [2] However, a syphilitic aneurysm is more likely to be a thoracic aortic aneurysm than an abdominal aortic aneurysm. This condition is commonly treated via a specialized multidisciplinary approach with both vascular surgeons and cardiac surgeons .
Early Morbidity and Mortality Within 30 days of hospitalization, morbidity and mortality after Bentall procedure are associated with complications stemming from cardiac arrhythmia, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis, graft infection, wound infection, neurologic/ cerebrovascular accident and stroke, hemorrhage/ bleeding, myocardial infarction, pericardial effusion ...
Ectasia (/ ɛ k ˈ t eɪ ʒ ə /), also called ectasis (/ ˈ ɛ k t ə s ɪ s /), is dilation or distention of a tubular structure, [1] either normal or pathophysiologic but usually the latter (except in atelectasis, where absence of ectasis is the problem).