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Many ligands are capable of binding metal ions through multiple sites, usually because the ligands have lone pairs on more than one atom. Such ligands are polydentate. [12] Ligands that bind via more than one atom are often termed chelating. A ligand that binds through two sites is classified as bidentate, and three sites as tridentate.
Instead of simply assigning a charge (oxidation state) to an atom in the molecule, the covalent bond classification method analyzes the nature of the ligands surrounding the atom of interest. [2] According to this method, the interactions that allow for coordination of the ligand can be classified according to whether it donates two, one, or ...
A spectrochemical series is a list of ligands ordered by ligand "strength", and a list of metal ions based on oxidation number, group and element.For a metal ion, the ligands modify the difference in energy Δ between the d orbitals, called the ligand-field splitting parameter in ligand field theory, or the crystal-field splitting parameter in crystal field theory.
Ferrocene has two η 5 cyclopentadienyl ligands while Uranocene has two η 8 cyclooctatetraene ligands; however, by covalent bond classification the complexes are found to be ML 4 X 2 and ML 6 X 4. [4] This corresponds to LBN values of 6 and 10 respectively, even though the total coordination numbers would be 10 and 16.
Tetradentate ligands can be neutral so that the charge of the whole complex is the same as the central atom. A tetradentate monoanionic (TMDA) ligand has one donor atom with a negative charge. [8] A tetradentate dianionic ligand has a double negative charge, and tetradentate trianionic ligands have a triple negative charge.
Stoichiometric names are the simplest and reflect either the empirical formula or the molecular formula. The ordering of the elements follows the formal electronegativity list for binary compounds and electronegativity list to group the elements into two classes which are then alphabetically sequenced. The proportions are specified by di-, tri ...
T. Tetraacetylethane; Tetradentate ligand; Transition metal acyl complexes; Transition metal arene complex; Transition metal azide complex; Transition metal carboxylate complex
Sexidentate or hexadentate ligands bind with six atoms, an example being EDTA (although it can bind in a tetradentate manner). Ligands of denticity greater than 6 are well known. The ligands 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate (DOTA) and diethylene triamine pentaacetate (DTPA) are octadentate. They are particularly useful for ...