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  2. Pendulum (mechanics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendulum_(mechanics)

    The model is based on the assumptions: The rod or cord is massless, inextensible and always remains under tension. The bob is a point mass. The motion occurs in two dimensions. The motion does not lose energy to external friction or air resistance. The gravitational field is uniform. The support is immobile.

  3. Projectile motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion

    In projectile motion, the horizontal motion and the vertical motion are independent of each other; that is, neither motion affects the other. This is the principle of compound motion established by Galileo in 1638, [ 1 ] and used by him to prove the parabolic form of projectile motion.

  4. Equations of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equations_of_motion

    There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.

  5. Separatrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separatrix_(mathematics)

    It separates — hence the name — the phase space into two distinct areas, each with a distinct type of motion. The region inside the separatrix has all those phase space curves which correspond to the pendulum oscillating back and forth, whereas the region outside the separatrix has all the phase space curves which correspond to the pendulum ...

  6. Motion (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_(geometry)

    In geometry, a motion is an isometry of a metric space. For instance, a plane equipped with the Euclidean distance metric is a metric space in which a mapping associating congruent figures is a motion. [1] More generally, the term motion is a synonym for surjective isometry in metric geometry, [2] including elliptic geometry and hyperbolic ...

  7. Screw theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screw_theory

    Screw theory is the algebraic calculation of pairs of vectors, also known as dual vectors [1] – such as angular and linear velocity, or forces and moments – that arise in the kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies.

  8. Euler's equations (rigid body dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_equations_(rigid...

    In classical mechanics, Euler's rotation equations are a vectorial quasilinear first-order ordinary differential equation describing the rotation of a rigid body, using a rotating reference frame with angular velocity ω whose axes are fixed to the body.

  9. Hamiltonian mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamiltonian_mechanics

    Hamilton's equations give the time evolution of coordinates and conjugate momenta in four first-order differential equations, ˙ = ˙ = ⁡ ˙ = ⁡ ⁡ ⁡ ˙ = Momentum ⁠ ⁠, which corresponds to the vertical component of angular momentum ⁠ = ⁡ ⁡ ˙ ⁠, is a constant of motion. That is a consequence of the rotational symmetry of the ...