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The Votadini or Gododdin are thought to have been the first to defend this site as its original Brythonic name, dyn barr, means 'the fort of the point'.By the 7th century, Dunbar Castle was a central defensive position of the Kings of Bernicia, an Anglian kingdom that took over from the British Kingdom of Bryneich.
After the Battle of Bannockburn, Patrick de Dunbar gave sanctuary and quarter to the English King Edward II at the fortress of Dunbar Castle, on the east coast of Scotland between Edinburgh and Berwick-upon-Tweed, and managed to effect the king's escape by means of a fishing boat whereby that monarch was transported back to England.
The failed siege of Dunbar had cost the English crown nearly 6,000 English [citation needed] pounds and the English had gained nothing from it. [8] For centuries afterwards, Agnes Randolph's defence of Dunbar Castle caught the attention of contemporary chroniclers and Scottish historians due to her bravery and might. [2]
Dunbar (/ d ʌ n ˈ b ɑːr / ⓘ) is a town on the North Sea coast in East Lothian in the south-east of Scotland, approximately 30 miles (50 kilometres) east of Edinburgh and 30 mi (50 km) from the English border north of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Dunbar is a former royal burgh, and gave its name to an ecclesiastical and civil parish.
At the end of August, with his army weakened through disease and lack of food, Cromwell withdrew to the port of Dunbar. The Scottish army followed and took up an unassailable position on Doon Hill, overlooking the town. On 2 September, the Scots advanced towards Dunbar and the English took up positions outside the town.
When he returned to Scotland he was granted the castle at "Dunbar and lands adjacent to it" and in the Merse by King Malcolm III, his cousin. [10] This earldom without a name in the Scots-controlled northern part of Bernicia would later become the Earldom of Dunbar. Gospatric did not long survive in exile according to Roger of Hoveden's chronicle:
The battle of Dunbar effectively ended the war of 1296 with an English victory. The remainder of the campaign was little more than a grand mopping-up operation. James , the hereditary High Steward of Scotland , surrendered the important fortress at Roxburgh without attempting a defence, and others were quick to follow his example.
John Stewart's wedding was celebrated at Crichton Castle. Mary, Queen of Scots made him keeper of Dunbar Castle when she returned to Scotland in August 1561. The English diplomat Thomas Randolph wrote that Lord John was in the queen's favour in October 1561, for his "leaping and dancing", and would marry the Earl of Bothwell's sister, Jean Hepburn. [10]