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Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), also called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), is a severe respiratory disease caused by hantaviruses. The main features of illness are microvascular leakage and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Symptoms occur anywhere from 1 to 8 weeks after exposure to the virus and come in three distinct phases.
Leptospirosis is a blood infection caused by the bacterium Leptospira [8] that can infect humans, dogs, rodents and many other wild and domesticated animals. [8] Signs and symptoms can range from none to mild (headaches, muscle pains, and fevers) to severe (bleeding in the lungs or meningitis). [5]
Transmission electron micrograph of the Sin Nombre virus, the virus responsible for the outbreak. The spherical particles are virus bodies (virions). The 1993 Four Corners hantavirus outbreak was an outbreak of hantavirus disease that occurred in the Four Corners region of the US states in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico.
Kyasanur Forest disease: Kyasanur Forest disease virus: rodents, shrews, bats, monkeys tick bite La Crosse encephalitis: La Crosse virus: chipmunks, tree squirrels mosquito bite Lassa fever: Lassa fever virus: rodents contact with urine, feces, or bodily fluids of infected rats; human-to-human transmission via bodily fluids Leishmaniasis ...
Transmission Mechanisms. BAYV transmission occurs primarily through aerosolized particles from infected rodents' bodily fluids, particularly urine, feces, and saliva. Humans mostly become infected when they breathe in these particles, especially in enclosed spaces where the virus can become concentrated. [6]
They can survive for 10 days at room temperature, [2] 15 days in a temperate environment, [8] and more than 18 days at 4 degrees Celsius (39.2 degrees Fahrenheit), which aids in the transmission of the virus. [2] Environmental conditions favorable to the reproduction and spread of rodents are known to increase disease transmission. [3]
Transmission Mechanisms. BAYV transmission occurs primarily through aerosolized particles from infected rodents' bodily fluids, particularly urine, feces, and saliva. Humans mostly become infected when they breathe in these particles, especially in enclosed spaces where the virus can become concentrated. [7]
Rodent-to-rodent transmission occurs through contact with bodily fluids and through fighting and grooming. [5] [12] Transmission to humans occurs mainly through the inhalation of aerosols that contain rat saliva, urine, or feces. [4] [10] Transmission can also occur through consumption of contaminated food, bites, and scratches.